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〜ことができる (koto ga dekiru)

Writer: Cozykotobar | Naoki
Cozykotobar | Naoki
Sep 7
2 min read

JLPT N5


One of the two main ways to say you can do something.


Meaning

“Can ~ / be able to ~.” Expresses ability or possibility.


Formation

  • Verb (dictionary form) + ことができる(できます)

  • Noun + ができる (日本語ができる)


Examples

日本語を話すことができます。

Nihongo o hanasu koto ga dekimasu. — I can speak Japanese.


ここで写真を撮ることができますか。

Koko de shashin o toru koto ga dekimasu ka. — Can I take photos here?


彼はギターを弾くことができる。

Kare wa gitā o hiku koto ga dekiru. — He can play the guitar. (casual)


私は泳ぐことができません。

Watashi wa oyogu koto ga dekimasen. — I can't swim.


How it works

〜ことができる is a clear, slightly formal way to say “can.” Just add ことができる to a dictionary-form verb. The shorter, more common option in speech is the potential form (話す → 話せる).

For nouns, drop こと and use が: 料理ができる (can cook).


Compared with similar expressions

  • 〜ことができる — can (formal, easy to build). “Able to ~.”

  • Potential form (〜せる/〜られる) — can (shorter, spoken). 話す → 話せる.

  • 〜てもいい — may (permission), not ability.


Common mistakes

  • Use the dictionary form before こと: ✗ 話しますことができる → ✓ 話すことができる

  • Don't stack both forms: ✗ 話せることができる


Related grammar

  • Potential form — can (short form)

  • 〜てもいい — may (permission)

  • 〜たい — want to

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