〜ば (ba)

JLPT N4
A conditional “if,” often for general truths and advice.
Meaning
“If ~, (then) …” Focuses on the condition needed for a result.
Formation
Verb: final -u → -eba (行く → 行けば)
い-adj: 〜い → 〜ければ (安い → 安ければ)
な-adj / Noun: + なら(ば)
Examples
ボタンを押せば、動きます。
Botan o oseba, ugokimasu. — If you press the button, it works.
安ければ買います。
Yasukereba kaimasu. — If it's cheap, I'll buy it.
練習すれば、上手になる。
Renshū sureba, jōzu ni naru. — If you practice, you'll get better.
どうすればいいですか。
Dō sureba ii desu ka. — What should I do?
How it works
〜ば often states a general cause-and-effect or gives advice (〜ばいい = “you should / it'd be good if”). It's a little more formal and bookish than たら.
Compared with similar expressions
〜ば — if (general condition, advice).
〜たら — if / when (specific, flexible).
〜と — whenever (automatic result).
Common mistakes
Verb: final u-sound → e-sound + ば: 飲む → 飲めば
Irregulars: する → すれば, 来る → 来(く)れば
Related grammar
〜たら — if / when
〜と — whenever
〜なら — if (given that)
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