あります・います (arimasu / imasu)

JLPT N5
How to say something exists — “there is / there are.”
Meaning
“There is ~ / to have ~.” あります is for non-living things; います is for living things (people, animals).
Formation
Non-living: [place] に [thing] が あります
Living: [place] に [person / animal] が います
Negative: ありません / いません
Past: ありました / いました
Examples
机の上に本があります。
Tsukue no ue ni hon ga arimasu. — There is a book on the desk.
公園に猫がいます。
Kōen ni neko ga imasu. — There is a cat in the park.
時間がありません。
Jikan ga arimasen. — I don't have time.
兄弟がいますか。
Kyōdai ga imasu ka. — Do you have any siblings?
How it works
Choose あります for objects, plants, and things that don't move on their own, and います for people and animals. Mark the thing that exists with が, and the location with に.
Compared with similar words
あります — exists (non-living) / to have (things).
います — exists (living: people, animals).
です・だ — “is B” (equating), not existence.
Common mistakes
People / animals use います: ✗ 猫があります → ✓ 猫がいます
Location takes に, the item takes が: 部屋に机があります
Related grammar
です・だ — the copula
〜に — particle (location)
〜が — subject particle
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