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い形容詞 (i-adjectives)

Writer: Cozykotobar | Naoki
Cozykotobar | Naoki
Sep 11
2 min read

JLPT N5


How Japanese い-adjectives work — and how they change for negative, past, and more.


Meaning

い-adjectives end in 〜い and describe things (big, hot, fun). Unlike English, they conjugate by themselves — you don't add a separate “is” or “was.”


Conjugation

  • Present: 高い (takai) — is expensive

  • Negative: 高くない (takakunai) — is not expensive

  • Past: 高かった (takakatta) — was expensive

  • Past negative: 高くなかった (takakunakatta) — was not expensive

  • Before a noun: 高い店 (takai mise) — an expensive shop


Examples

このカフェのケーキは安い。

Kono kafe no kēki wa yasui. — This café's cake is cheap.


昨日の映画は面白くなかった。

Kinō no eiga wa omoshiroku nakatta. — Yesterday's movie wasn't interesting.


今日はとても暑かったです。

Kyō wa totemo atsukatta desu. — Today was very hot.


新しくて安いパソコンを買った。

Atarashikute yasui pasokon o katta. — I bought a new, cheap computer.


How it works

To make the forms, drop the final 〜い and add くない (negative), かった (past), or くなかった (past negative). Add です after any form to be polite (高いです, 高くないです).

The big exception is いい (“good”). It secretly conjugates from its older form よい: negative よくない, past よかった, past negative よくなかった — never いくない. Any word ending in いい follows this too: かっこいい → かっこよくない, かっこよかった.


Compared with similar words

  • い-adjectives — end in 〜い; conjugate by changing the 〜い (高い → 高くない).

  • な-adjectives — need な before a noun and だ / です to end a sentence.

  • Watch out: きれい and 嫌い end in い but are な-adjectives.


Common mistakes

  • Negative is くない: ✗ 高いじゃない → ✓ 高くない

  • いい is irregular: ✗ いくない → ✓ よくない (and かっこよくない)

  • Don't add だ to an い-adjective: ✗ 高いだ → ✓ 高い / 高いです


Related grammar

  • な形容詞 — na-adjectives

  • です・だ — the copula

  • 〜くて — connecting adjectives

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