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〜しかない (shika nai)

Writer: Cozykotobar | Naoki
Cozykotobar | Naoki
Sep 9
2 min read

JLPT N3


How to say there's no other option — “I have no choice but to ~.”


Meaning

“Have no choice but to ~ / can only ~.” The action is the only option left.


Formation

  • Verb (dictionary) + しかない

  • Noun + しかない = there is only ~


Examples

終電を逃したから、歩いて帰るしかない。

Shūden o nogashita kara, aruite kaeru shika nai. — I missed the last train, so I have no choice but to walk home.


誰も手伝ってくれないなら、一人でやるしかない。

Dare mo tetsudatte kurenai nara, hitori de yaru shika nai. — If no one will help, I'll just have to do it alone.


財布に100円しかない。

Saifu ni hyaku-en shika nai. — I only have 100 yen in my wallet.


こうなったら、あきらめるしかないだろう。

Kō nattara, akirameru shika nai darō. — At this point, there's nothing to do but give up.


How it works

With a verb, しかない means “the only thing to do is ~” (resignation). With a noun, it means “there is only ~.” 〜よりほかない is a more formal synonym.


Compared with similar expressions

  • 〜しかない — no choice but to (only option).

  • 〜ほかない — no choice but (more formal).

  • 〜なければならない — must (obligation; options may exist).


Common mistakes

  • Verb uses the dictionary form: やる → やるしかない

  • Noun + しかない = “only” (quantity), a slightly different use.


Related grammar

  • 〜ほかない — no choice but

  • 〜なければならない — must

  • 〜わけにはいかない — can't (not allowed)

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