top of page

〜によって (ni yotte)

Writer: Cozykotobar | Naoki
Cozykotobar | Naoki
Sep 9
2 min read

JLPT N3


One phrase, several jobs — “by,” “depending on,” or “due to.”


Meaning

“By ~ (agent / means), depending on ~ (variation), or due to ~ (cause).” Context decides which.


Formation

  • Noun + によって

  • Variation: Noun + によって (+ 違う / さまざま)


Examples

この小説は有名な作家によって書かれた。

Kono shōsetsu wa yūmei na sakka ni yotte kakareta. — This novel was written by a famous author. (agent)


話し合いによって問題を解決した。

Hanashiai ni yotte mondai o kaiketsu shita. — We solved the problem through discussion. (means)


国によって、あいさつの仕方が違う。

Kuni ni yotte, aisatsu no shikata ga chigau. — Greetings differ depending on the country. (variation)


地震によって、多くの建物が壊れた。

Jishin ni yotte, ōku no tatemono ga kowareta. — Due to the earthquake, many buildings were destroyed. (cause)


How it works

によって covers four related meanings — agent (in passive), means, variation, and cause — and context tells them apart. For “varies depending on,” によっては stresses that only some cases differ.


Compared with similar expressions

  • 〜によって — by / through / depending on / due to.

  • 〜によっては — depending on (only in some cases).

  • 〜で — by means of (simpler, everyday).


Common mistakes

  • によっては narrows it to “in some cases”: 人によっては

  • In passive sentences, the doer takes によって: 〜によって作られた


Related grammar

  • 〜によっては — depending on

  • 〜によると — according to

  • 〜で — by means of

Recent Posts

See All
〜わけではない (wake dewa nai)

JLPT N3 How to gently deny a conclusion someone might jump to — “it's not that ~.” Meaning “It's not (necessarily) that ~ / it doesn't mean ~.” Softly denies an assumption. Formation Verb / い-adj (pla

 
 
 
〜に対して (ni taishite)

JLPT N3 How to mark the target of an action or attitude — or to draw a contrast. Meaning “Toward ~ / in response to ~,” or “in contrast to ~.” Directs an action/feeling at something, or contrasts two

 
 
 
〜について (ni tsuite)

JLPT N3 How to say “about ~ / regarding ~” — naming the topic. Meaning “About ~ / concerning ~.” Marks the subject you're discussing, researching, or asking about. Formation Noun + について Modifying a no

 
 
 

Comments


bottom of page